Gécamines is the centre of gravity. The state copper-cobalt miner is a joint-venture partner in most major assets, which makes it simultaneously a commercial actor, a quasi-regulator, and the single largest transparency question. Read every cluster below with that in mind. Well corroborated· Carter CenterNRGImultiple
1Government and state bodies
| Body | Role |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Mines | Line ministry for policy, regulation and EITI implementation. Hosts the official contract-publication portal. |
| ITIE-RDC | National EITI multi-stakeholder group. National Coordinator: Jean-Jacques Kayembe Mufwankolo (since 2020). |
| CAMI (Cadastre Minier) | Mining cadastre. Registers titles and publishes the licence register that feeds EITI. Publishes titles, not contracts. |
| CEEC | Certification and evaluation of precious and semi-precious minerals; runs Kimberley Process and origin certificates. |
| DGRAD | State non-tax revenue agency; collects mining fees and dividends from state participations. Key reconciliation entity. |
| Gécamines | State copper-cobalt miner. Operates mainly through JVs; major EITI reporting entity. Baraka Kabemba appointed Director-General in February 2026. |
| MIBA | State diamond miner (Mbuji-Mayi); largely inactive after decades of mismanagement. |
| EGC | Gécamines subsidiary; state monopsony buyer of artisanal cobalt and, since 2024–25, sole authorised exporter of artisanal-origin cobalt. |
| ARECOMS | Regulator of strategic-minerals markets. Runs the cobalt export quota regime and, from 2026, a national strategic reserve. Expanded remit contested by civil society. |
Flag. “SCPT” appeared in an early source list but is the state postal/telecoms operator, with no extractives role, likely a mislabel. Officeholders below ministerial level were not reliably verifiable for 2026 and are not asserted. Single source· flagged
2Major operating companies (copper-cobalt belt)
| Company | Key asset(s) and state / Gécamines link |
|---|---|
| CMOC (China Molybdenum) | Tenke Fungurume (TFM) 80% with Gécamines 20%; plus Kisanfu. World’s largest cobalt producer. |
| Glencore | KCC/Kamoto (~75%, Gécamines ~25%) and Mutanda. Largest Western producer in the belt. |
| Ivanhoe / Zijin | Kamoa-Kakula, Africa’s largest copper operation. DRC state holds 20% directly. |
| Sicomines consortium | Minerals-for-infrastructure JV. Chinese partners (CREC/Sinohydro, Huayou) 68%, Gécamines 32%. |
| CNMC (China Nonferrous) | Deziwa, with Gécamines. Producing since 2020. |
| ERG | Frontier (copper) and Metalkol (major cobalt-tailings reprocessor near Kolwezi). |
| MMG / Chemaf / Buenassa | MMG runs Kinsevere; Chemaf ownership unresolved in early 2026; Buenassa an emerging Congolese-owned processor. |
The pattern to watch. Across the CMOC, Glencore and Sicomines deals, Gécamines has progressively asserted rights to market its own equity share of production: TFM from 2023, 30% of KCC output from February 2026, and its 32% of Sicomines under the 2024 amendment. A real 2024–26 shift in state posture that changes what “the contract” even covers. Well corroborated· Glencoretrade pressanalysis
3Domestic civil society
The leading coalition is Le Congo n’est pas à vendre / Congo Is Not For Sale (CNPAV), prominent since the Gertler and “Congo Hold-up” scandals. Confirmed members include the Carter Center, Global Witness, Resource Matters, PPLAAF, ODEP and CREFDL. Other active domestic groups: AFREWATCH (resource rights, Lubumbashi), IBGDH (Kolwezi), RRN (natural-resource network), and PWYP-DRC, the principal civil-society vehicle inside the EITI process. Corroborated· HRWCNPAV
Flag. CNPAV’s exact membership count (14–16 depending on source) and founding year could not be pinned down. AFREWATCH and NRGI are partners or solidarity signatories rather than confirmed coalition members. Treat the roster as indicative. Contested· sources differ
4International actors
| Actor | Role |
|---|---|
| NRGI | Strengthens oversight agencies and the EITI process; helped build the contract-disclosure platform; publishes the Resource Governance Index. |
| The Carter Center | Long-running Gécamines governance programme; author of the foundational “A State Affair” investigation. |
| Global Witness | Investigations into missing revenues, conflict-minerals schemes and lithium governance. |
| RAID | Labour rights and pollution at industrial cobalt/copper mines (with Congolese partners). |
| Resource Matters | Brussels/Kinshasa non-profit; Sicomines tracking and EU critical-raw-materials policy. |
| IMF | 38-month ECF (~USD 1.73bn) plus RSF approved Jan 2025, with extractive-sector and Sicomines transparency conditionality. 2nd review completed Dec 2025. |
| World Bank | Historic mining-sector reform financing (Promines); current engagement via the 2022–2026 Country Partnership Framework. |
Flag. USAID was dismantled in 2025 and folded into the State Department; prior DRC governance programming should be assumed discontinued or transferred. UK FCDO and Swiss SECO remain EITI supporters. Corroborated· NPREITI